Yemen remains both a major displacement crisis and a critical transit country connecting the Horn of Africa with the Arabian Peninsula. Before the latest escalation, UNHCR estimated approximately 4.8 million IDPs in Yemen and more than 64,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, predominantly from Somalia and Ethiopia.
Migration through Yemen remains substantial. During April–June 2026, IOM recorded that most monitored migrant movements into Yemen originated from Djibouti (64%) and Somalia (23%), with Saudi Arabia remaining the intended destination for approximately 80% of recorded movements.
The situation has deteriorated further in September 2026. Renewed fighting has reportedly displaced more than 100,000 people internally, while thousands have attempted to cross the Gulf of Aden toward Djibouti.
This creates a highly complex environment involving:
Internal displacement;
Refugee and asylum-seeker populations;
Ethiopian and Somali migrants;
Smuggling and trafficking;
Maritime crossings;
Detention and forced relocation;
Returns and deportations;
Humanitarian evacuation and voluntary humanitarian return;
Increasingly difficult humanitarian access..